Skin or allergic reactions to the blue dye used in SNLB.Difficulty moving the affected body part.Numbness, tingling, swelling, bruising, or pain at the site of the surgery, and an increased risk of infection.Seroma, or a mass or lump caused by the buildup of lymph fluid at the site of the surgery.Very rarely, chronic lymphedema due to extensive lymph node removal may cause a cancer of the lymphatic vessels called lymphangiosarcoma. In addition, there is an increased risk of infection in the affected area or limb. In the case of extensive lymph node removal in an armpit or groin, the swelling may affect an entire arm or leg. There is less risk with the removal of only the sentinel lymph node. The risk of lymphedema increases with the number of lymph nodes removed. Lymphedema may cause pain or discomfort in the affected area, and the overlying skin may become thickened or hard. This disrupts the normal flow of lymph through the affected area, which may lead to an abnormal buildup of lymph fluid that can cause swelling. During lymph node surgery, lymph vessels leading to and from the sentinel node or group of nodes are cut. In some cases the procedure can also be done before or even after (depending on how much the lymphatic vessels have been disrupted) removal of the tumor.Īll surgery to remove lymph nodes, including SLNB, can have harmful side effects, although removal of fewer lymph nodes is usually associated with fewer side effects, particularly serious ones such as lymphedema. SLNB is usually done at the same time the primary tumor is removed. SLNB may be done on an outpatient basis or may require a short stay in the hospital. If cancer is found, the surgeon may remove additional lymph nodes, either during the same biopsy procedure or during a follow-up surgical procedure. The sentinel node is then checked for the presence of cancer cells by a pathologist. Once the sentinel lymph node is located, the surgeon makes a small incision (about 1/2 inch) in the overlying skin and removes the node. The surgeon then uses a device to detect lymph nodes that contain the radioactive substance or looks for lymph nodes that are stained with the blue dye. To do so, a surgeon injects a radioactive substance, a blue dye, or both near the tumor. First, the sentinel lymph node (or nodes) must be located.
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